Is it true you can't get a primary-home loan if the rental property you currently own has more square footage than the home you're buying?

No such rule exists. What an underwriter tests is whether the move makes sense, and square footage is only one signal. The screening is for occupancy fraud, meaning claiming a home as a primary residence to get better terms when the real plan is investment. Consider the extremes. Someone who owns a million-dollar home, buys a small condo a few blocks away, and rents out the big house will get flagged, because the move looks like an investment purchase, and a letter of explanation is the minimum ask. A genuine downsizing story reads completely differently: moving closer to work or a school, trading toward the beach, empty-nesters shrinking their footprint while keeping the original home in the family. Those hold up fine when they are explained. So run your specific scenario past a lender before you write an offer. Give them the honest reason for the change and let them present it to underwriting for a read. A credible move usually clears with a short letter of explanation, and if yours will not clear, far better to learn that before you are under contract than after.