Can I buy a multi-family property, like a fourplex, as my first home with less than 20 percent down?

Yes. Buy it as your home, live in one unit, and you can put down as little as 3.5% with FHA or 5% with a conventional loan. The 25% down figure you may have heard applies to 3-4 unit investment purchases. Owner-occupied is a different picture: - Conventional (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac): since late 2023, an owner-occupied 3-4 unit primary residence allows just 5% down. - FHA: 3.5% down with a 580+ credit score on owner-occupied properties up to 4 units. The FHA catch on 3-4 units is the self-sufficiency test. The appraiser's market rents for ALL the units, counted at 75% to allow for vacancy and maintenance, have to cover the entire monthly payment, including taxes, insurance, and mortgage insurance. FHA also requires three months of the full payment in reserves on these properties. In high-cost markets, prices run so high relative to rents that buildings often can't pass, sometimes for years at a stretch. In markets where rents are strong relative to price, buyers do this routinely; we know originators in more affordable metros who close dozens of first-time multi-unit FHA purchases a year. Duplexes, by the way, are exempt from the test entirely. So the low-down path is real, on both programs. Have a lender who knows these rules run your specific building, both ways, before you fall in love with it.